Schottky Diode - Definition, Symbol, VI Characteristics, ...

Schottky Diode - Definition and Characteristics

What is a Schottky Diode?

The Schottky diode is a specialized type of metal-semiconductor junction diode, often referred to as a hot-carrier diode, low voltage diode, or Schottky barrier diode. This diode is formed by the junction of a semiconductor with a metal, promoting fast switching action along with a low forward voltage drop. Unlike the traditional PN junction diode, where p-type and n-type semiconductors are fused, the Schottky diode employs metals such as platinum or aluminum instead of a p-type semiconductor.

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Symbol of the Schottky Diode

The symbol for a Schottky barrier diode is derived from the basic diode circuit symbol. It highlights the unique characteristics of this diode type.

V-I Characteristics of Schottky Diode

The V-I characteristics of Schottky diodes closely resemble those of PN junction diodes. In this case, current acts as the dependent variable, while voltage is the independent variable. Notably, the forward voltage drop in Schottky diodes typically ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 volts, making them efficient for various applications.

Working Principle of a Schottky Diode

• The operation is based on the distinct potential energy levels of electrons in different materials.
• N-type semiconductors exhibit higher potential energy than the electrons in metals.

• Upon contact, electrons flow in both directions across the metal-semiconductor interface.
• When a voltage is applied, the metal becomes positively charged in comparison to the semiconductor.
• This voltage counters the built-in potential, enabling easier current flow.

Applications of Schottky Diodes

Schottky diodes have found numerous applications in the electronics industry, particularly in diode rectifiers, due to their unique properties. Key applications include:

RF Mixer and Detector Diodes

The Schottky diode excels in radio frequency applications due to its superior switching speed and high frequency performance. It is particularly valuable for high-performance diode ring mixers.

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Power Rectifiers

These diodes function effectively as power rectifiers, showcasing a high density of current and minimal voltage drop, resulting in less power waste compared to conventional PN junction diodes.

Power OR Circuits

In contexts where two distinct power supplies must serve a load, such as in battery power systems, the Schottky diode prevents the mixing of different power sources.

Solar Cell Applications

Typically, solar cells connect with rechargeable batteries, particularly lead-acid types, to ensure a continuous power supply. A Schottky diode is employed to prevent reverse charging, ensuring the solar cells operate effectively.

Advantages of Schottky Diodes

• Low capacitance due to a negligible depletion region.
• Fast reverse recovery time enables quick transitions from ON to OFF states.
• High current density stemming from a minimal depletion region.
• Low turn-on voltage of 0.2 to 0.3 volts.

Disadvantages of Schottky Diodes

The primary drawback is that Schottky diodes experience relatively large reverse saturation currents.

Differences between Schottky Diodes and PN Junction Diodes

Understanding the distinctions between these two types of diodes is essential for selecting the appropriate component for specific applications.

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