Choosing the Right Fitting - Buying Guides DirectIndustry
Choosing the Right Fitting - Buying Guides DirectIndustry
To choose the most suitable fitting for your application, you need to consider the type of connection, the environment, the nature of the fluid and its characteristics, and the materials compatible with your application.
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- Connection type: Quick-connect, permanent, or removable. You need to check accessibility, both for assembly and maintenance purposes and determine the shape of the fitting, e.g. straight, T-shaped, or angled.
- Environment: You must take into account the ambient temperature, especially extreme temperature changes, risk of frost or UV exposure, rain or humidity, possible splashing water or mud, the level of protection required if the fitting is used in a hazardous area, possible impacts, vibrations, etc.
- Fluid type: You need to choose the right fitting for the fluid (compressed air, air, water, oil, etc.), its temperature, pressure, and required flow rate (which depends on the nominal diameter [DN] of the pipe).
- You may need to check that the connection complies with any standards to which your installation may be subject.
- Material: The material of the fitting (stainless steel, brass, plastic, etc.) and of the sealing system (nitrile [NBR], fluorine rubber [FKM], ethylene rubber [EPDM], etc.) must be compatible with the material of the pipe that it is being connected to.
Quick couplings today are highly reliable products. This type of fitting is recommended if you plan on disassembling it regularly. Quick couplings do not require tools once each part is attached to its tube. When choosing your quick coupling, it’s important to check how the two parts of the coupling will connect to the pipes or ducts: by screwing, crimping, or interlocking.
This type of fitting is rather expensive. If you don’t plan on regular dismantling, it may make more sense to choose a screw-in fitting.
Screw-in fittings are good for when you’re planning one-off operations that may require them to be dismantled.
As a general rule, screw-in fittings are designed to be handled with a wrench, but some models are designed to be screwed in by hand. Most screwed fittings have built-in seals.
You can choose a weld-on or crimp fitting when the fitting will be used in a permanent installation such as a water supply circuit. These fittings are designed for use with brass or copper pipes.
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Weld-on and crimp fittings are the most economical, as they do not require sealing systems or mechanical systems. However, their installation requires a certain amount of know-how to ensure that they hold up well over time.
The material of the fitting must be compatible with that of the pipe on which it is to be mounted and with the fluid present in the circuit.
Empty Compressed Air Room Temperature Water Steam Food Liquid Lubricants Inert Liquid or Gas Corrosive Liquid or Gas Steel x x x x Stainless Steel x x x x x x Aluminum x x x Polymer x x x x Polycarbonate x x x Brass / Copper x x Nickel-plated Brass x x x xWhen using a threaded fitting, it is essential to ensure that it is compatible with the one already installed in the circuit.
First of all, it is necessary to check the thread direction: Standard threads have a right-hand thread and are screwed in a clockwise direction, but there are also threads with a left-hand thread, for example for gas cylinders or when there may be a need to unscrew a standard thread.
Finally, it is important to know the standard used, for example:
- ISO metric thread: This is the most common type of thread. These are sealed with a ring seal at the bottom of the thread. Cylindrical threading and tapping are identified by the letter M followed by the nominal diameter in millimeters and the pitch indicated in millimeters (e.g. M8x1). For gas connections, a cylindrical thread is indicated by the letter G, and the tapered thread by the letter J.
- American UN thread: This is a cylindrical thread whose dimensions are given in inches and the number of threads per inch. It is identified by the letters UNC for unified coarse pitch and UNF for unified fine pitch threads.
- NPT American thread: This is a tapered thread that seals with a jointing compound such as Teflon. NPTF threads are similar but do not require a jointing compound to be added.
- BSP thread: This is a specific thread for gas. It can be cylindrical (BSPP), in which case it is sealed with an annular seal at the bottom of the thread, or conical (BSPT), in which case it is sealed with a jointing compound in the thread area (e.g. Teflon).
It is important to choose a fitting shape that is adapted to the circuit where it will be installed. For example, there are:
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- Straight fittings for seamless connections.
- T-fittings for connections that branch.
- Elbow fittings are used to connect pipes that join at an angle.
- Reduction fittings are used to connect two pipes of different diameters. This type of fitting allows you to reduce the fluid flow rate.
- Orientable fitting or swivel fittings are used for connections made at specific angles.
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