Dual-Use Photovoltaic Technologies | Department of Energy

What are Dual-Use Photovoltaic Technologies?

Learn how photovoltaic technologies work

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Dual-use photovoltaic (PV) technologies, also known as dual-use PV, are a type of PV application where the PV panels serve an additional function besides the generation of electricity. While the most prominent dual-use application is building-integrated PV (BIPV), other dual-use PV technologies include agrivoltaics, floating photovoltaics (FPV), and vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPV).  

Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)  

In BIPV, solar materials are used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building’s structure like the roof, skylights, balustrades, awnings, and facades. The most commonly recognized type of BIPV is carports and parking shade structures. BIPV serves as the outer layer of a building, and it generates electricity for on-site use or exports it to the grid. This differs from traditional rooftop solar, where PV modules are placed on top of an existing roof.  

Agrivoltaics  

Solar and agriculture co-location, also referred to as agrivoltaics, is defined as agricultural production, such as crop or livestock production or pollinator habitats, underneath or between rows of solar panels. In addition to solar energy production, the PV panels can also provide shade and potentially reduce the need for irrigation of the site on which they are located. Most large, ground‐mounted solar PV systems are installed on land used only for solar energy production, making agrivoltaics unique in that it can provide benefits to both the solar and agricultural industries. Learn more about agrivoltaics.  

Floating Photovoltaics (FPV)  

FPV, also known as floatovoltaics, mounts solar panels on floating structures that are deployed on reservoirs, lakes, and other large man-made bodies of water as well as in near-shore and off-shore marine applications. When deployed on bodies of water, FPV systems can reduce evaporation and leverage otherwise unused space, reducing land-use concerns. 

Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaics (VIPV) 

With VIPV, solar cells are mechanically and electrically added into the design of a vehicle. The PV elements integrate into the vehicle exterior and the electric system to supply power to on-board electronics or batteries while also serving as the vehicle’s roof, hood, door, or fender providing structural and safety functionality. 

While not technically dual-use, another type of vehicle photovoltaics—vehicle-added or attached PV (VAPV)—attaches traditional PV modules to the existing vehicle structure to generate energy.  

If commercialized, VIPV and VAPV offer two main uses: propulsion in electric vehicles, which improves the range of the electric vehicle; and power for systems such as heating and cooling.  

Why are Dual-Use Photovoltaic Technologies Important?  

Innovative dual-use technology like agrivoltaics, BIPV, FPV, and VIPV creates opportunities to develop domestically made products capable of expanding PV markets as well as reducing reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.  

By integrating solar energy systems into existing landscapes, dual-use PV and has the potential to minimize land-use concerns and creates opportunities for more aesthetically pleasing solar energy systems.  

Research in dual-use PV technologies supports the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solar Energy Technologies Office’s (SETO) goals of improving the affordability, performance, and value of solar technologies and establishing a domestic manufacturing base. Learn more about SETO’s PV goals. 

SETO Research in Dual-Use Photovoltaic Technologies 

SETO research in these technologies ultimately aims to support U.S. solar manufacturing, spur innovation, reduce the soft costs and other barriers to equitable solar energy deployment. Specifically:  

• BIPV research projects are developing aesthetically pleasing, high-efficiency BIPV products that reduce costs for homeowners and building professionals.  
• FPV projects are improving U.S. competitiveness in the floating solar market and optimizing the economic and environmental value of FPV.  
• Vehicle PV projects are generating technological advancements to lower the cost of solar power generation systems and installation on vehicles.  

SETO funded the following projects related to dual-use PV technologies:  

To view specific PV technology projects, search the Solar Energy Research Database. 

Additional Resources 

• Solar Photovoltaic Technology Basics 
• Quarterly Solar Industry Update 
• PV Innovation Roadmap 
• Vehicle Photovoltaics Request for Information and RFI Summary Report 
• BIPV Request for Information and RFI Summary Report   
• BIPV Market Research Study (PDF) 
• Agrivoltaics Market Research Study (PDF) 
• FPV Market Research Study (PDF)  
• PVinMotion Presentation (PDF) 
• RE+ Workshop – Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV): Beyond the Shingle (PDF) 
• GreenBuild Workshop – Building-Integrated Photovoltaics: Beyond the Shingle (PDF) 
• Buildings XV Workshop - Current Challenges, Opportunities, and Research Needs of Building-Integrated PV Systems (PDF) 

Learn more about PV research, manufacturing & competitiveness research, soft costs research, other solar energy research in SETO, and current and former funding programs. 

Introduction

Imagine a world where every part of your building isn’t just a functional element but also a renewable energy powerhouse. This isn’t just a dream anymore; you can make it your reality with BIPV which is building integrated photovoltaics.

These systems blur the line between architecture and energy while making your walls, windows, and roofs not just stunning but sustainable at the same time.

And the best part? Companies like Nativ Techniks are leading the charge, offering cutting-edge solutions that combine design with energy and efficiency. Ready to learn about the future of green energy? Let us unfold what BIPV is, how it works, and why it is the perfect solution for tomorrow’s energy needs.

What Are Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)?

In simple language, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are solar energy systems built directly into a building’s structure. Unlike traditional solar panels, which are retrofitted onto roofs or walls, BIPV replaces conventional materials like shingles, glass, or tiles with energy-generating alternatives.

Think solar roofs, energy-efficient windows, and sleek facades that seamlessly blend into the design while harvesting sunlight. With BIPV, your building becomes its own power plant, tying up style with sustainability.

How Does BIPV Work?

BIPV operates on the same principle as traditional solar panels: capturing sunlight and converting it into electricity. Here’s how:

Additional reading:
10 Key Questions to Ask Solar Companies Before Installation

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1. Sunlight Absorption: Photovoltaic (PV) cells integrated into the building material soak up sunlight. These cells, often made from silicon, are masters of converting solar energy.
2. Electricity Generation: The absorbed sunlight excites the PV cells, generating a flow of electrons or, in simpler terms, electricity.
3. Conversion to Usable Energy: This raw power (direct current or DC) is converted into alternating current (AC) via an inverter, making it suitable for powering your devices.
4. Utilization and Storage: The energy can be used immediately, stored in batteries, or sent back to the grid, earning you sweet energy credits.

With BIPV, every ray of sunshine hitting your building is turned into an opportunity to cut down energy bills and reduce carbon footprints.

Why BIPV is a Game-Changer

Traditional solar panels have their charm, but BIPV takes solar energy to a whole new level. Here’s why it’s revolutionizing the renewable energy landscape:

1. Unmatched Aesthetics

Say goodbye to clunky, bolted-on solar panels. BIPV systems integrate seamlessly into the building design, maintaining the sleek aesthetics of modern architecture. Whether it’s a solar-powered glass facade or a chic solar roof, these systems make sustainability look good.

2. Multi-Functionality

BIPV isn’t just about energy. These materials also serve as structural elements—whether it’s a roof, window, or wall. That’s dual-purpose genius right there.

3. Boosted Energy Efficiency

Because BIPV is integrated into the building, it minimizes energy losses and often improves thermal insulation. That’s right—your building becomes more energy-efficient just by existing.

4. Eco-Friendly Brilliance

Reducing dependency on non-renewable energy sources? Check. Slashing your carbon footprint? Double-check. With BIPV, going green is no longer a compromise—it’s a statement.

Critical Components of BIPV Systems

Curious about what makes these systems tick? Here’s the magic behind the scenes:

• Photovoltaic Modules: The heart of the operation, these modules generate electricity while seamlessly blending into the building’s design.
• Inverters: Transforming raw solar power into usable energy, inverters ensure your system runs like a well-oiled (or rather, sun-powered) machine.
• Mounting Systems: Special structures hold BIPV elements in place while keeping aesthetics intact.
• Energy Storage Options: Batteries allow you to save excess energy for a rainy day—literally.

Applications of BIPV: Where Can You Use It?

Application Description Benefits Solar Roofs BIPV replaces traditional roof materials like tiles or shingles with solar panels. Generates clean energy while maintaining the aesthetics of your building. Functional, fabulous, and future-ready. Transparent Solar Windows Semi-transparent photovoltaic glass integrated into windows. Lets in natural light while generating electricity, blending seamlessly with the design of modern homes and buildings. Energy-Generating Facades Vertical surfaces, such as walls, are equipped with photovoltaic modules. Converts unused vertical spaces into energy contributors, making urban buildings more sustainable and energy-efficient. Skylights and Shading Elements Solar-integrated glass is used in skylights and shading systems. Transforms sunlit areas into energy hubs while providing natural lighting and temperature regulation for interior spaces.

The BIPV Financial Advantage

Investing in BIPV might feel like a splurge, but the returns are worth every penny. Here’s why:

1. Energy Cost Savings

Your building generates its electricity, cutting monthly power bills significantly. Over time, these savings can offset the initial investment.

2. Incentives Galore

Governments worldwide are incentivizing renewable energy systems through tax breaks, grants, and rebates. BIPV qualifies, making it more affordable.

3. Property Value Boost

Buildings with energy-efficient technology are more appealing to buyers, driving up property value.

4. Long-Term Durability

BIPV systems are built to last, with lifespans comparable to traditional building materials. Over time, the cost savings far outweigh the initial expense.

Challenges of BIPV

While BIPV is revolutionary, no innovation is without hurdles. Here are some considerations:

• Higher Upfront Costs: Initial investment in BIPV materials and installation can be steep compared to traditional materials.
• Specialized Installation: Integrating PV systems into building designs requires expertise, often limiting DIY options.
• Efficiency Trade-Offs: BIPV’s aesthetic focus may slightly reduce its energy efficiency compared to standalone panels.

However, as technology advances and demand grows, these barriers are becoming less daunting.

Conclusion

Building Integrated Photovoltaics isn’t just a technology; they are a statement. A statement which reads that architecture can be both functional and sustainable at the same time. As we escalate towards a greener future, BIPV systems will play a crucial role in how we power up our homes, offices, and in cities.

So, why wait? Let your building do the heavy lifting for you. Invest in BIPV with Nativ Techniks and watch as your structure transforms into a sleek, energy-generating marvel.

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