Everything You Need To Know To Find The Best ozone air purifier

Air purifiers play a crucial role in maintaining clean indoor air quality. They help remove airborne contaminants and eliminate unpleasant odors in homes, offices, and even vehicles. While ozone generators can offer rapid results in cleaning the air, it’s essential to understand that they can be harmful to your health, especially your respiratory system.

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The same molecular process that makes ozone generators effective at air cleaning is what makes them potentially hazardous. If you’re considering using an ozone air purifier to combat strong odors or mold, it’s crucial to be well-informed about their history, proper usage, and the alternatives available.

What is Ozone?

Ozone, a molecule made of three oxygen atoms (O3), differs from the oxygen we breathe daily, which is dioxygen (O2), composed of two oxygen atoms. The third oxygen molecule in ozone is unstable and loosely connected to the other two.

Ozone has a remarkable ability to attach itself to various pollutants, particularly strong odor sources like smoke, as well as viruses, bacteria, mold spores, and organic matter. Once ozone attaches to these pollutants, it effectively eliminates them. This unique property allows ozone to clean and deodorize indoor spaces quickly.

Exploring Ozone Air Purifiers

Ozone generators, also known as ozone machines or ozone air purifiers, are commonly used to “clean” the air and remove stubborn odors. These machines work by generating ozone, a process that naturally occurs in the atmosphere. However, it’s essential to note that just because something is natural doesn’t mean it’s safe for your health.

Ozone is highly reactive and challenging to store for extended periods with current technology. Therefore, ozone must be generated on-site using sophisticated machines. Ozone air purifiers draw in oxygen from the air (O2) and give it a powerful electrical charge. This charge causes the oxygen molecules to rearrange themselves and form ozone (O3). The generated ozone is then released into the air.

When ozone molecules come into contact with pollutants such as mold or smoke, the third oxygen molecule attaches to the pollutant’s molecules, effectively eliminating them. This process works on bacteria, fungi, germs, odors, and other contaminants at the molecular level while reverting the ozone back to oxygen.

Ozone generators find applications in various scenarios:

1. Killing Mold and Mildew: Ozone air purification is commonly used to “blast” or “shock” mold and mildew, which can be harmful to health, especially to the respiratory system. Mold and mildew can trigger asthma and allergies, making their removal a top priority. Ozone generators can efficiently remove mold in a quick and cost-effective manner.

2. Removing Bacteria, Germs, and Viruses: Disease-causing substances like bacteria, germs, and viruses can lurk in common areas like kitchen sinks, bathroom floors, and even everyday objects such as remote controls and salt and pepper shakers. Ozone generators are effective at removing these disease-causing substances by attacking them at the molecular level.

3. Eliminating Odors: Ozone generators are frequently used to eliminate stubborn odors. They target the airborne cells responsible for creating these odors, effectively neutralizing them. This is valuable for scenarios such as removing lingering tobacco smoke smells in hotel rooms or getting rid of pet odors in rental properties.

Safe Usage of Ozone Generators

If you decide to use an ozone generator to combat mold, bacteria, or odors, it’s crucial to follow safe practices:

Begin by removing the source of the odor and thoroughly cleaning the affected area. This includes using safe liquid cleaners, vacuuming carpets, wiping surfaces, and dusting. Effective cleaning may negate the need for ozone treatment altogether.

In most cases, it’s best to hire professional cleaning and odor-removal services that utilize ozone generators as part of their offerings. Experienced professionals have the necessary training and skills to perform ozone treatment safely and efficiently.

If you choose to use an ozone generator yourself, closely follow the instructions provided with the machine. Typically, you should run the generator with the windows closed. Once the treatment is complete, allow sufficient time for the ozone to dissipate completely before re-entering the treated area, which may take a few hours.

While ozone generators have their applications, room air purifiers can often achieve the same objectives without the associated health risks. Air purifiers generally do not release pollutants into the air but instead filter them out.

Air purifiers work by drawing in air and passing it through various filters designed to trap contaminants, allergens, and other substances. This is a crucial difference from ozone generators, which release a chemical to sanitize the air outside the machine.

Air purifiers provide an effective and safer alternative to ozone generators for maintaining clean indoor air quality.

In conclusion, while ozone generators have their uses, it’s essential to be aware of the potential health risks associated with their use. Safe alternatives, such as room air purifiers, are available to help you achieve clean indoor air without compromising your well-being.

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Portable room air purifiers are designed to filter the air in a single room. They’re separate from whole-house air purifier systems and air filters, which are integrated into a home’s heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system and designed to clean the air in the entire house.

Think of a room air purifier as a supplemental unit, like a space heater in the context of a whole-house heating system, explains Misha Kollontai, who oversees testing of air purifiers at Consumer Reports. While your house might feel sufficiently warm, you might have a particularly drafty room with old, poorly sealed windows; placing a space heater there would make the room more comfortable. Similarly, he says, "a whole-house system will work at filtering all the air that passes through it via the HVAC system. But if you’re sitting next to a fireplace in the living room for extended periods of time, a room air purifier there may not be a bad idea." A room air purifier may be worth it too, say, in a bedroom, if you sleep with your pet.

Different air purifiers work using a range of technologies. A few are helpful. Others are ineffective, or even potentially harmful to your health.

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Mechanical filters: These purifiers use fans to force air through a dense web of fine fibers that trap particles. Filters with very fine mesh are called HEPA filters. While they work on microscopic particles, they can also remove larger particles (including dust, pollen, and some mold spores) when they’re suspended in the air. (Some filters are labeled “HEPA-type” or “HEPA-like”—these have not been certified to meet the requirements of a true HEPA filter but may still perform adequately in our tests.) Mechanical filters don’t help with gases or odors. And they can be expensive to maintain. Mechanical filters need to be replaced every six to 12 months; they can cost upward of $200 per filter but typically cost no more than $80.

Activated carbon filters: Unlike mechanical filters, these filters use activated carbon to capture certain types of gases, including some odor-causing molecules. But they’re not particularly effective against formaldehyde, ammonia, or nitrogen oxide. Because activated carbon filters don’t combat particles, many air purifiers will have both an activated carbon filter and a mechanical filter. Activated carbon filters get saturated faster than mechanical filters, though, and require replacement more frequently—every three months, as opposed to every six to 12 months for mechanical filters. Make sure to budget for replacements accordingly: Activated carbon filters usually cost up to $50 each. 

Ozone generators: These machines produce ozone, a molecule that can react with certain pollutants to alter their chemical composition. This can result in dangerous indoor air quality, and CR does not recommend these types of air purifiers. Makers of ozone generators often claim that the devices emit safe levels of ozone, but in the past, our tests found that even at low settings, some ozone generators quickly exceeded the Food and Drug Administration’s limit of 0.05 parts per million for medical devices. Plus, studies reviewed by the EPA have shown that low levels of ozone—the chief ingredient of smog—don’t effectively destroy indoor pollutants. Research also shows that ozone has been linked to decreased lung function and increased risks of throat irritation, coughing, chest pain, and lung tissue inflammation. Ozone exposure might also worsen asthma, emphysema, and bronchitis.

Electrostatic precipitators and ionizers: In these electronic models, particles in the air become charged so that they stick—magnet-like—to plates on the machine or to nearby surfaces. CR doesn’t typically test electronic air purifiers nor recommend them because they can produce ozone.

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI): Some manufacturers claim that their air purifiers kill airborne viruses, bacteria, and fungal spores with UV lamps. But they might miss certain bacteria and mold spores that are resistant to UV radiation. To work, the UV light must be powerful enough and the exposure must last long enough—minutes to hours, rather than the few seconds typical of most UVGI air purifiers—to be effective. CR does not test UVGI technology, though some mechanical air purifiers we test may have the added function.

Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO): Some air purifiers use ultraviolet radiation and a photocatalyst, such as titanium dioxide, to produce hydroxyl radicals that oxidize gaseous pollutants. Depending on the pollutant, this reaction can generate harmful byproducts, such as ozone, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. CR does not currently test air purifiers with PCO technology. There have been few field investigations exploring the effectiveness of PCO air purifiers, but one laboratory study, conducted by researchers at Syracuse University in New York, reported that the devices did not effectively remove any of the VOCs typically found in indoor air. 

Photoelectrochemical oxidation (PECO): This variant of PCO emerged in from the manufacturer Molekule. The Molekule Air purifier did not score well in our tests for dust, smoke, and pollen removal. Since then we’ve also tested the more expensive Molekule Air Pro, which performed better at removing contaminants on its highest setting but did not impress in CR’s other air-purifier test categories, nor did it rate well in our CR member survey. 

To see how well these machines clean the air, we inject smoke and dust into a sealed chamber and use a particle counter to measure the change in air particle concentration in the room as the test model runs for 15 minutes. 

We test using particles as small as 0.1 micrometer and up to 1 micrometer, a range that includes dust mite allergens, cat allergens, smog, smoke, and atmospheric dust. We don’t measure for particles larger than 1 micrometer, such as pollen, because any air purifier that scores well in our tests should also be able to handle larger airborne particles.

Because most air purifiers have several speed settings, we test for dust and smoke removal both on the highest speed and at a lower speed that runs at a noise level no louder than 50 decibels. We also measure noise levels at every speed setting that a machine has. And because air purifiers must be running at all hours to be effective, we calculate annual operating costs, which include filter replacements and energy use to run the machine 24 hours a day for an entire year.

Owner satisfaction and reliability ratings are also included in a model’s Overall Score. These ratings are based on Consumer Reports’ Summer Survey of 8,377 air purifiers purchased between and . The very best models in our tests effectively sanitize the air of dust, smoke, and pollen, and receive high marks for predicted reliability and owner satisfaction. 

CR recommends more than three dozen models in our air purifier ratings, and most use a HEPA filter; a vast majority also have carbon filters to help assist in the removal of odors. These models meet Consumer Reports’ criteria for safety, performance, value, and reliability. For more information, read our article on the best and worst air purifiers of the year.

Cost of replacement filters: As a general rule, you should replace filters (or clean those that can be vacuumed) every six to 12 months if they are pleated and every three months for activated carbon filters. Most of the units we test have an indicator light that lets you know when to change (or clean) the filter. The costs of filters vary widely: In our tests of large air purifiers, they range from $20 to more than $200. Filters with odor-removing carbon can cost as much as $50. 

Clear Air Delivery Rate (CADR): This value is provided by air purifiers tested by the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers. Many air purifiers have undergone AHAM’s voluntary certification program, which provides room size guidelines along with the CADR on its AHAM Verifide seal. The CADR reflects, in cubic feet per minute, the volume of clean air that an air purifier produces on its highest speed setting. For example, a purifier with a CADR of 250 for dust particles reduces particle levels of dust to the same concentration that would be achieved by adding 250 cubic feet of clean air each minute. The higher the CADR, the faster and more efficient the air purifier is. Room air purifiers with HEPA filters often achieve the highest CADR. There are different CADR ratings for removing tobacco smoke, dust, and pollen. Focus on the CADR for your main pollutant of concern. For instance, if you live with a smoker, choose an air purifier that has a high CADR for tobacco smoke. 

Energy Star certification: Air purifiers must run around the clock to be effective, so you should factor in the energy cost when you shop. Energy Star certified purifiers are 40 percent more energy-efficient than standard models. 

Room size: If an air purifier has an AHAM Verifide seal, you can trust that the unit can handle the suggested room size listed on the seal. Be wary about manufacturers’ claims, though. We have tested many air purifiers that are not suitable for their claimed room sizes. You can check our ratings to see what room-size range we suggest for each model based on our test results. Also, consider sizing up: Most models suitable for large rooms (350 square feet and larger) can also work well for smaller rooms at lower speeds. Lower speeds tend to be quieter—which is nice for when you’re watching TV or sleeping.

Noise: Judge an air purifier not just by how well it performs but also by how well you’ll be able to live with it. Because these machines should always be running, ideally they should also be quiet. (For reference, a noise rating around 50 decibels is roughly equal to the hum of a refrigerator.) You may be able to find a model’s decibel levels on its packaging or website listing before you buy it. Or check our air purifier ratings; we rate models on noise levels at both high- and low-speed settings.

Clean or replace filters regularly. An air purifier can’t run efficiently if it has a dirty filter. Typically, you should replace filters (or clean those that can be vacuumed) every six to 12 months for pleated filters and every three months for activated carbon filters.

Place it wisely. If you have just one unit, put it in the room where you spend the most time. For most people, that’s the bedroom. (Some units can be heavy and clunky to move around, so if you want an air purifier in multiple rooms, you may want to buy a unit for each room.) Make sure to place the air purifier in a spot where nothing can obstruct airflow—away from curtains, for instance.

Adjust the speed. To avoid noise disruptions, we suggest running the unit on its high-speed setting when you’re not in the room and turning it down to low when you’re nearby. Or buy an air purifier certified for a larger area so that you can run it on a low speed and still have it work effectively.