Types Of Pipe Threads
Types Of Pipe Threads
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Understanding the specific types of pipe thread variations required for your equipment is essential for optimal operation. Pneumatic components such as air cylinders, valves, and air preparation units necessitate specific pipe threads. Commonly, pneumatic systems utilize NPT, PT, or G pipe threads. Correctly selecting the appropriate pipe thread type will enhance the performance of your equipment.
At first glance, pipe threads may appear similar. However, a closer examination reveals several differences based on shape, angle, and thread pitch. This article discusses some of the most common pipe threads, including NPT/NPTF, BSPP (or G), BSPT, PT, Metric (M), and SAE. To identify these threads, you will need just two simple tools: a caliper and a pitch gauge.
Pipe Thread Determining Tools
Caliper
A caliper is a useful tool for determining the outside diameter of male threads and the inside diameter of female threads. While using a caliper yields the most accurate measurements, a straight steel ruler can serve as an alternative. Modern digital calipers are available for easier measuring.
Pitch Gauge
A pitch gauge helps measure threads per inch for pipe fittings. This tool also determines the spacing between threads for metric pipe threads.
Identifying Types Of Threads
Pipe threads can be classified as male or female. Male threads are located on the outside of the fitting, resembling a bolt. Conversely, female threads are located inside the fitting and resemble a nut.
Another key aspect to understand is thread pitch, which refers to the space between threads. This can be measured using a pitch gauge or caliper. Metric threads are measured by the millimeter distance between them, while other threads are measured by the number of threads per inch. For instance, if the distance between threads is 1 millimeter, the pitch is also 1 millimeter.
Parallel threads types:
- UN/UNF (SAE)
- BSPP
- Metric parallel
Tapered threads types:
- NPT/NPTF (American Pipe)
- BSPT (British Pipe)
- Metric tapered
Use the caliper to measure the outside diameter of male threads and the inside diameter of female threads. Be aware that slight differences between measurements and size charts can occur due to various manufacturers.
Pipe threads are designed in two main styles: tapered and parallel. A parallel thread maintains a consistent diameter, while a tapered thread has a gradually increasing diameter along its length.
How To Identify The Pipe Thread?
To select the correct pipe thread, consult the Nominal Dimensions of Standard Threads chart. For example, a designation of ½-14 NPT specifies a pipe thread with a nominal inside diameter of ½ inch and 14 threads per inch.
Identify The Pipe Thread Compatibility
Once you gather all necessary details, ensure that the fitting provides a compatible connection. The following chart can help identify male and female fittings.
| Abbreviation | System Name | Compatibility | Seal Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| BSPP | British Standard Pipe Parallel | male BSPP with female BSPP | washer |
| BSPTr | British Standard Pipe Taper | male BSPTr with female BSPTr | thread |
| NPT | American Standard Taper Pipe Thread | male NPT with female NPT | thread |
| NPTF | American Standard Taper Pipe Thread | male NPTF with female NPTF | thread |
Conclusion
Understanding and identifying different types of pipe threads is essential for anyone working in the plumbing industry. The most common thread types in this field are UN/UNF. These threads are predominantly found in plumbing systems in the US, Canada, and the UK. When determining the type of device needed, it is crucial to ensure proper installation for correct operation.
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